- Appeal to bandwagon (Miska and Miiko)
- Bad arguments:
- You should buy an iPhone because everyone else has one.
- You should smoke because all the cool kids do it.
- You shouldn’t wear a helmet because other people don’t.
- Good arguments:
- You should go to school because everyone else does.
- You should eat because everyone alive eats.
- You should brush your teeth because everyone with good oral hygiene does it.
- Appeal to irrelevant authority (Julia and Aino)
- Bad arguments:
- People in medieval times said that they had witnessed witchcraft so it has to be true.
- Because the bible says world was created by God it has to be true.
- Santa Claus is real because everyone knows him.
- Good arguments:
- We know that the earth is round because we’ve seen it from space.
- Finland is a bilingual country because it was once part of Sweden.
- 9/11 really happened because a lot of people were there to witness it.
- Bad arguments:
- No true fan of metal listens electronic music.
- No true patriot has ever committed a crime.
- Only true believers can get to heaven.
- Good arguments:
- A true weapon causes destruction.
- A true country is recognised by other countries.
- A true doctor has been taught how to help people.
- Bad arguments:
- VR is always late because 2 people said so.
- School chairs are comfortable because we like them.
- All politicians are corrupted because one news article said so.
- Good arguments:
- Drugs are bad for you because they make you go crazy.
- Exercises are good for you because they help to learn.
- Sleeping is good for you because it scientifically proven to be helpful organize new things you have learned.
4. Hasty generalization (Jesse and Gibriil)
- Bad arguments:
- My teacher is annoying. Therefore, all teachers are annoying.
- I have seen only fat Americans. Therefore all Americans are fat.
- My Finnish friend drinks a lot of coffee. Therefore all Finns drink coffee.
- Good arguments:
- Finland consumes the most coffee in the world per capita, therefore we can assume that most Finns drink coffee.
- Estonia is the biggest alcohol consumer in the world, therefore we can assume Estonians drink quite much alcohol.
- In Iceland there are the most cannabis smokers per capita. Therefore we can assume that a lot of cannabis is consumed in Iceland.
5. Appeal to Ignorance (Eric and Jere)
- Bad Arguments:
- Look at that commercial, it has an awesome looking burger in it. It must be like that in the restaurants.
- There is an object in the sky! It must be an UFO.
- The ratings said that movie is really good. It must be, because of the rating.
- Good Arguments:
- I can run very fast. I have tested it.
- There is a garbage collector on the streets. He must be environmentally aware.
- The outside is very foggy. It must be moist.
5. Appeal to Ignorance (Julia, Sonata and Camilla)
- Bad arguments
- Have you ever seen a McDonald’s be built? Neither have we - so it’s obviously…
- Why is Donald Trump winning the election in the USA this year? Nobody is actually voting for him, so it must be…
- Why is Johanna Tukiainen famous? Nobody knows, so of course the answer is...
- Good arguments
- Why is Justin Bieber so famous? The world is full of weird people called…
- Why on Earth is Kim Kardashian famous? Well it’s because of her…
- Bad arguments:
- If we stop eating meat animals will stop dying.
- If we wouldn’t have laws life would be easy.
- If we would stop using renewable energy we would make our planet cleaner.
- Good arguments:
- If we wouldn’t go to school we would be uneducated.
- If we wouldn’t have jobs people would steal.
- If we wouldn’t have internet we couldn’t contact people from another side of the planet.
7. Not a cause for a cause (Asmaa and Seyda)
- Bad arguments:
- I couldn’t come to school, because my socks colour didn’t match.
- I didn’t study for exams, because I didn’t have time.
- Why didn’t you answer to my calls? I was too lazy to answer to the phone
- Good arguments:
- I was sick, therefore I couldn’t come to school.
- I want a good job, therefore I study.
- I didn’t go to shop, because I couldn’t find my wallet.